Satellite image interpretation (SPOT) for the survey of the ecological infrastructure in a small scaled landscape (Kempenland,Belgium)

This paper deals with the problem of the detectability of the field pattern and the associated linear elements in the Kempenland (Belgium) using SPOT multispectral imagery. The SPOT images are edge-enhanced in order to put the ecological infrastructure in a clearer image display. The detectability is investigated in relation to the size and the shape of the land blocks. The influence on the detectability on SPOT images of the kinds of linear elements, bordering the land blocks, is investigated as well. The use of edge-enhanced SPOT images for (ecological) network analysis (connectivity and circuitry) is also discussed.     

Fire place preferences of forest visitors in northwestern Switzerland: Implications for the management of picnic sites

Some recreational activities in urban forests can cause extensive damage to soil and vegetation. In Switzerland, forest visitors frequently build fires outside picnic sites for barbecuing. This indicates that the existing picnic sites are either not attractive enough for these visitors, or that there are not enough sites for all the visitors during peak days. We used an on-site survey to assess the requirements of picnickers in two forest areas in the vicinity of Basle. Results showed that the existing picnic sites do not meet the requirements of some visitor groups, causing the respective visitors to make their own fires in locations that suit them better. There was a preference for sites near streams, away from forest roads and close to open spaces. Furthermore, while some visitors highly appreciated the well-equipped official sites, others preferred more natural infrastructure with pieces of stones forming a fire ring rather than concrete rims, and logs to sit on instead of benches. Picnic sites that are closer to the requirements of visitors who normally steer away from official sites might reduce the number of self-made fire rings. The study shows that understanding visitor behaviour is a prerequisite for the implementation of measures to reduce ecological impacts.     

烟农专业合作社资产管护机制研究——基于湖南省郴州市的调查

通过实地调研,对湖南省郴州市烟叶生产基础设施建设和使用现状进行阐述,针对烟农专业合作社资产(主要指烟草补贴投入的烘烤、育苗工场、农机具等可经营性资产)管护存在责任主体不明、制度执行不力、资产闲置、管护资金不足等问题,提出通过建立管护组织结构、明确管护资金的来源、加强设施综合利用等措施,构建资产管护长效机制,保证烟基设施高效运行、发挥持久效益.     

Aligning fragmented planning structures through a green infrastructure approach to urban development in the UK and USA

Globally green infrastructure (GI) planning has developed with alternative conceptual and implementation viewpoints. In the UK and USA this has led to the establishment of a dual narrative; one identifies a set of conceptual principles within the wider global GI debate, whilst the second focusses on localised interpretations of these principles within divergent delivery approaches. Such plurality adds a level of complexity to the development of GI policy and subsequent investments, which can be understood if both narratives are debated simultaneously. A number of factors have influenced this process; the most prominent being the dislocation between GI policies, practice and funding. This paper addresses this fragmentation proposing that a ‘policy-implementation’ gap exists within national and sub-national planning practice which limits the transferability of global principles into delivery. Therefore although the conceptual understanding of GI is grounded in the global literature, greater variability is evident in the application of these principles within localised (i.e. national, regional and sub-regional) planning. The paper extends this debate through a discussion of whether a consensus for the conceptual advancement and implementation of GI is a necessary aim of its development. It concludes that such plurality of understanding is both a positive and negative attributes of GI planning, highlighting the complexity of attempts to align global and local development narratives for GI.     

微囊藻毒素及其生殖毒性的研究进展

工业化、城市化的发展以及农业生产中大量化肥的使用,使自然界许多水体的污染逐渐加重,出现富营养化现象,导致藻类尤其是蓝藻的过度繁殖生长,不仅破坏了水生生态系统,而且对经济和社会发展、环境以及人类健康的影响很大[1-6]。蓝藻广泛地生长在世界各地的水体中,某些种类的蓝藻     

Too hot to handle? On the cooling capacity of urban green spaces in a Neotropical Mexican city

Urban areas are particularly vulnerable to climate change due to the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect, which can be mitigated by urban vegetation through shading and evapotranspiration. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of spatially explicit information on the cooling capacity of green infrastructure for most Latin American cities. In this study, we employed Land Surface Temperature (LST) of the Neotropical Mexican city of Xalapa to (1) analyze its Surface UHI (SUHI) compared to its peri and extra-urban areas, (2) to assess the cooling capacity of urban green spaces larger than 1 ha, and (3) to evaluate the role of green spaces’ size, shape and their surrounding tree cover percentage (Tc) on green spaces cooling range. We evaluated the cooling range of green spaces and their relationships with green spaces metrics and Tc via a linear mixed-effect model and identified threshold values for the variables at 25 m, 50 m, 100 m, and 200 m from the borders of green spaces through Classification and Regression Trees. Xalapa exhibits a SUHI of 1.70 °C compared to its peri-urban area and 4.95 °C to the extra-urban area. Green spaces > 2 ha mitigated heat at ~2 °C and the cooling range was influenced by the size of green spaces ≥ 2.8 ha and Tc > 21% at 50 m and only by Tc surrounding the green spaces at 100 m and 200 m. This shows that the size threshold of urban green spaces should be complemented with the presence of Tc starting at least 50 m to maximize the cooling capacity provided by the green infrastructure. Planning agendas should account for the interaction between the size of green spaces and the cumulative cooling effect of scattered vegetation inside urban areas towards compact green cities to cope with urban warming.     

城市建筑环境中绿色基础设施对大气颗粒物的影响

城市树木与森林作为街道、公园和其他绿色公共可达空间等城市景观的重要组成部分,是控制城市大气污染、改善城市空气质量、促进居民健康的重要环境工具,提高城市绿色基础设施的比例是解决城市空气污染问题的重要策略与手段之一,在不同建筑环境中如何配置、设计绿色基础设施,以达到最佳的空气污染治理效果,需要充分评估多种因素的影响。文章系统分析了街道峡谷、开阔道路和建筑围护结构3种城市建筑环境中绿色基础设施对空气质量的影响,阐述了在不同建筑环境中开展绿色基础设施建设需要考虑的重点问题,为在城市建筑环境中更好地设计和建设绿色基础设施提供参考。     

交通基础设施与森林公园旅游发展——基于面板联立方程的实证检验

交通基础设施既是旅游业发展的基础,也是旅游业"六要素"的一部分。通过文献梳理,在探讨交通基础设施建设与森林公园旅游发展相互作用机制的基础上,采用1998—2017年中国省级面板数据和面板联立方程模型,实证检验了两者的互动关系假说。结果表明,1)总体看,交通基础设施建设对森林公园旅游发展表现为较强的促进作用,但反方向的促进作用较弱。2)分森林公园类型看,交通基础设施建设仅分别与中资源比较优势区和资源利用不足型地区的森林公园旅游发展存在显著互动关系。3)分交通基础设施看,仅有公路交通建设与森林公园旅游发展存在显著正向的互动关系;1998—2007年时期,交通基础设施建设对森林公园旅游发展具有显著正向影响,但反向影响不显著。4)不同交通基础设施与不同森林公园类型的交叉组合看,铁路交通建设仅在森林公园的高资源比较优势区对旅游发展具有显著正向影响;公路交通建设对森林公园旅游发展均具有显著正向影响,其中,等级公路交通建设的影响更大。对此,需要因地制宜地完善交通基础设施建设、创新森林公园旅游业态。     

京津冀地区生态基础设施?生境质量?产业发展耦合协调性分析与预测

  目的  对生态环境与产业发展耦合协调关系进行研究,有助于规划者从生态学角度宏观把握京津冀协同发展趋势,为规划与管理提供科学依据。  方法  该研究基于MSPA和InVEST模型分析了京津冀地区2000—2017年生态基础设施、生境质量和产业发展变化特征,并采用耦合协调模型对该地区三者的耦合协调性进行综合分析,最后利用灰色预测模型预测京津冀不同区域未来五年耦合协调度。  结果  （1）京津冀地区生态基础设施水平整体偏低,连通性较差;生境质量空间差异显著,整体生境质量0.450,水平不高;（2）西北部生态涵养区的农林牧渔业发展稳定,津冀工业长期处于主导地位,东部滨海发展区交通运输、仓储和邮政业和京津金融业发展实力较强;（3）京津冀地区耦合协调度主要处于轻度失调到初级协调状态之间,空间差异明显。其中,南部功能拓展区耦合协调度最高,而西北部生态涵养区耦合协调度最低。（4）未来5年京津冀地区耦合协调度均将有所提升,但中部核心功能区仍将处于濒临失调状态,北京和东部滨海发展区仍将处于勉强协调状态,是未来需要优化的重点区域;天津耦合协调度将由勉强协调转变为初级协调,西北部生态涵养区耦合协调度将由濒临失调转变为初级协调,是具有协调发展潜力的区域;南部功能拓展区耦合协调类型将转变为中级协调,是发展速度最快的区域。  结论  该研究通过评估京津冀区域生态基础设施?生境质量?产业发展的耦合协调性,并分析预测具有协同发展潜力的重点区域,为未来京津冀协同发展提供依据,并为其他城市群范围内生态建设和产业发展评估提供重要参考。      

加强农村水利基础设施建设 破解“三农”五大难题

近年来国家强农惠农政策力度不断加大,三农投入逐年增加,但诸如农业增产难、农民增收难、惠农政策执行难、农业资金投入难、农村安全饮水难等关键问题,仍然没有得到根本解决,严重阻碍三农可持续发展。完善农村水利基础设施是解决这五大难题的有效突破口,应加大公共财政对水利,特别是中小型水利工程的投入力度,同时创新投资模式与管理制度,加强资金监管,进一步完善农村水利基础设施投资的体制与机制。